Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Modeling herpes simplex virus type 2 and Zika virus replication in vaginal organoids and spheroids

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.02.709097

Figure Lengend Snippet: NS1 concentration in the supernatant (A) and NS5 transcript expression (B) in mouse vaginal organoids infected with ZIKV at MOI of 1. Values normalized to uninfected samples (Ni) and reported as fold change. (C) NS4B staining in organoids sections from 48 hours post-infection. ZIKV titer of mouse vaginal organoids (D) and VK2 spheroids (E) infected with ZIKV in the presence of 10 µM RDV. Values are mean ± SEM of 3 biological replicates. One-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was performed for statistical analysis. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Magnification 63X; scale bars represent 50 µm. LD, limit of detection (5 PFU/ml). h, hours post-infection.

Article Snippet: ZIKV titer from infection experiments was quantified using an ELISA to detect NS1 concentration (Sino Biological, Cat No. KIT40544).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Expressing, Infection, Staining

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper microchip

doi: 10.1039/c8nr01646a

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Virus particles are captured on magnetic beads modified with ZIKV envelope monoclonal antibody (anti-ZIKV mAb) followed by labeling with specific Pt-nanoprobes (PtNP-mAb against ZIKV) forming Pt-virus complexes on the surface of magnetic beads. The Pt-virus complexes are isolated and the viral lysate/PtNPs are released using 1% Triton X-100 solution. The prepared viral lysate/PtNPs is loaded on paper microchip with screen-printed graphene-silver electrode (GSE). (b) Representative impedance magnitude measurements for ZIKV-spiked (red line) and virus-free control (black line) samples. The presence of the virus and PtNPs results in a significant change in the impedance magnitude due to the released charged viral components (i.e., nucleic acid and proteins) and PtNPs.

Article Snippet: Pt-nanoprobes used in the labeling step of captured ZIKV were prepared of spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) modified with monoclonal anti-Zika virus (ZIKV-Env) antibody (EastCoast Bio, Inc. North Berwick, ME, USA, Cat# HM325).

Techniques: Virus, Magnetic Beads, Modification, Labeling, Isolation, MicroChIP Assay, Control

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper microchip

doi: 10.1039/c8nr01646a

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation reaction of Pt-nanoprobes. Oxidized anti-Zika virus monoclonal antibody (anti-ZIKV mAb) was conjugated to the surface of PtNPs using 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionyl hydrazide (PDPH). PDPH has a thiol group that binds to PtNPs surface and a hydrazide group that binds to the free aldehyde group in the FC region of the oxidized antibody. The digital images confirm the stability of the prepared Pt-nanoprobes. (b) TEM micrograph and particle size distribution histogram of the prepared PtNPs. (c) FT-IR analysis results of PtNPs (non-modified, no antibody) and Pt-nanoprobes (PtNP-antiZIKV mAb). (d) SDS-PAGE analysis of PtNPs and Pt-nanoprobes (Pt-mAb).

Article Snippet: Pt-nanoprobes used in the labeling step of captured ZIKV were prepared of spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) modified with monoclonal anti-Zika virus (ZIKV-Env) antibody (EastCoast Bio, Inc. North Berwick, ME, USA, Cat# HM325).

Techniques: Virus, Modification, SDS Page

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper microchip

doi: 10.1039/c8nr01646a

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Paper microchip fabrication protocol. The chip is prepared with a layer of cellulose paper (0.34 mm thickness) added to the surface of a plastic sheet by a DSA. The electrode is screen-printed on the cellulose paper using graphene-silver nanocomposite ink and then dried for 30 – 40 min at 65 0C. (b) Digital image of the prepared cellulose paper microchip. (c) SEM of the surface of the paper microchip (i) and bright-field microscopy of transverse section of the paper chip (ii). CP is cellulose paper, DSA is double-sided adhesive, E is electrode and PS is plastic sheet. (d) Average impedance magnitude spectra over a range of frequencies up to 20 KHz for different dilutions of 1× phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), pH 7.2 on the developed paper microchip. Column chart shows the correlation between the impedance magnitudes of different 1×PBS dilutions measured at 8 KHz and 1 V. (e) SDS-PAGE shows different protein bands confirming the capture of ZIKV on magnetic beads (MB). (f) Pt metal weight measured by ICP-MS confirms the labeling of ZIKV particles captured on magnetic beads using Pt-nanoprobes.

Article Snippet: Pt-nanoprobes used in the labeling step of captured ZIKV were prepared of spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) modified with monoclonal anti-Zika virus (ZIKV-Env) antibody (EastCoast Bio, Inc. North Berwick, ME, USA, Cat# HM325).

Techniques: MicroChIP Assay, Microscopy, Adhesive, Saline, SDS Page, Magnetic Beads, Labeling

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper microchip

doi: 10.1039/c8nr01646a

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic shows the effect of the addition of viral lysate and PtNPs on the electric properties of paper microchip. (b) The detection sensitivity of ZIKV on the developed paper microchip. Different concentrations of ZIKV (101 particle/μl to 105 particle/μl) were prepared in 1× PBS and captured using magnetic beads. (c) Evaluation of the specificity of the paper chip in detecting ZIKV in the presence of non-target viruses, including dengue virus-1 and -2 (DENV-1 and -2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). The results showed a significant decrease in the impedance magnitude of ZIKV samples compared with the tested non-target viruses. The tested virus concentration was 105 particle/μl. Error bars are standard deviations from a total of three independent measurements.

Article Snippet: Pt-nanoprobes used in the labeling step of captured ZIKV were prepared of spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) modified with monoclonal anti-Zika virus (ZIKV-Env) antibody (EastCoast Bio, Inc. North Berwick, ME, USA, Cat# HM325).

Techniques: MicroChIP Assay, Magnetic Beads, Virus, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nanoscale

Article Title: Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper microchip

doi: 10.1039/c8nr01646a

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) ZIKV detection in human plasma. (b) ZIKV detection in semen. (c) ZIKV detection in urine. ZIKV spiked in biological samples (101 particle/μl to 105 particle/μl) was isolated using magnetic beads and labeled with Pt-nanoprobes. The captured viruses were lysed and added to paper microchip for impedance measurement. The decrease in the impedance magnitude indicates the potential of the developed techniques for ZIKV detection in complex biological samples with a limit of detection down to 102 particle/μl. The number of the columns indicates the number of the trials performed. Error bars are standard deviations from a total of three independent measurements.

Article Snippet: Pt-nanoprobes used in the labeling step of captured ZIKV were prepared of spherical platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) modified with monoclonal anti-Zika virus (ZIKV-Env) antibody (EastCoast Bio, Inc. North Berwick, ME, USA, Cat# HM325).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Isolation, Magnetic Beads, Labeling, MicroChIP Assay

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Neural and endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate Zika virus genome dissemination and productive infection in vivo

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0337609

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection of all three cell types was confirmed by IF detection of the ZIKV C protein (green) at 48 hpi. Infected cells were identified through co-staining with cell-type specific markers (red). While all cultures demonstrated susceptibility to ZIKV infection, (A) neurons exhibited the most pronounced morphological alteration compared to uninfected controls. Notably, viral antigen is localized not only to perinuclear region but also to the axon hillock (arrow) and neurites (arrowhead). In contrast, (B) astrocytes and (C) MBECs maintained their typical cellular architecture despite infection. The highlighted square denotes a region of interest shown at higher magnification. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars represent 20 µm for neurons and MBECs, and 50 µm for astrocytes. Images are representative of two independent experiments, each comprising three replicates and eight fields analyzed per slide.

Article Snippet: Following this period, some wells were fixed with 4% PFA and processed by immunoperoxidase staining, using the ZIKV capsid antibody (Novus, NBP3–13200).

Techniques: Infection, Staining

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Neural and endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate Zika virus genome dissemination and productive infection in vivo

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0337609

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunoperoxidase staining for ZIKV E protein in A549 cell inoculated for 72 h with EVs or ZIKV. (A) Controls included non-infected cells (NIC), mock-treated cells (supernatants from uninfected C6/36HT cells), and supernatants of ZIKV-infected cells at a MOI of 0.1. (B) Brown peroxidase signal indicated productive infection in cells exposed to EVs-IC, while no detectable staining was observed in EVs-GlyR-treated cells. Representative images from three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. Scale bars: 100 µm for controls and EVs-GlyR) and 50 µm for EVs-IC.

Article Snippet: Following this period, some wells were fixed with 4% PFA and processed by immunoperoxidase staining, using the ZIKV capsid antibody (Novus, NBP3–13200).

Techniques: Immunoperoxidase Staining, Infection, Staining